Tag: gums
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How Much Caffeine Before Training?

A systematic review and network meta-analysis published on December 3, 2025 in MDPI, titled Effects of Caffeine Dose and Administration Method on Time-Trial Performance: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis, examined the amounts of caffeine that may have an ergogenic effect before training. The effects of caffeine administration methods (e.g., capsules/tablets, gum, mouthwash) and doses…
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Vitamin C

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, contributes to the normal formation of collagen for the normal function of blood vessels, bones, cartilage, gums, teeth, skin, and acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from oxidative stress that causes an increase in free radicals, which are considered the main cause of cellular aging. Vitamin…